For many women who are in the throes of fertility treatments, one of the problem is thinning of the endometrium. The cavity of the uterus is lined by the endometrium. Under normal conditions in response to naturally produced estrogen in the body uterine lining grows about 1- 2mm every other day. Ideally, at the time of ovulation, the endometrium would be about 8mm in thickness. A (fairly) normal uterine cavity and endometrial lining are necessary in order to conceive and maintain a pregnancy. This lining is composed of two layers, the functional layer which is shed during menstruation and an underlying basal layer which is necessary for regenerating the functional layer. There are several factors which can affect the normal growth of the uterine lining like infection, scarring from D&Cs, low estrogen levels, poor uterine blood supply, endometrial antibodies, Asherman’s syndrome etc.

In absence of desired response with conventional therapy for endometrium regeneration autologus adult stem cells can be a promising treatment. Adult bone marrow stem cells have capacity to improve vascular blood supply. Endothelial progenitor cells, showed expression of various endothelial markers incorporated into neovessels at sites of damage and significantly improved blood flow. Result from Human Clinical study shows that adult stem cell could regenerate the endometrial thickness with its vascularity and make it mature enough for implantation.

Following failure of all other conventional modes of treatment, adult stem cells can be used as to improve lining of the endometrium, giving new hope to infertility patient in alteration to conventional option of surrogacy.

The autologus adult bone marrow transplant for poor endometrium is an office based process and safe as no risk of rejection due to autologus transplant. The process is simple and can be repeated, if required. Stemcure is processing bone marrow samples for patients having this condition and they are contented with the result, which indicates that stem cells therapy shall be potential for such condition.

Reference
Nagori C B, Panchal S Y, Patel H. Endometrial regeneration using autologus adult stem cells followed by conception by in vitro fertilization in a patient of severe Asherman’s syndrome. J Hum Reprod sci 2011; 4 : 43-8.